SUCCESSFUL COUPS D'ETAT IN AFRICA

Renegade Malian soldiers

 Soldiers in Mali, a West African nation often cited as a democratic model, overthrew the elected government on Thursday, looted the presidential palace, arrested ministers and declared that they had seized power.

It was the latest government to fall as a consequence of the Arab Spring, though in this case it did not come through popular uprisings or protests for democracy. To the contrary, Mali was preparing to hold elections only a month from now, and the president, adhering to the Constitution, was not running again.

 Drunken soldiers have looted Mali's presidential palace just hours after they took power. The coup deposed a president, who was just one month away from stepping down.

The mutineers say they're overthrowing the government because of its mishandling of an insurgency in the country's north.

Since the uprising began, tens of thousands of civilians have been forced to flee, and the soldiers sent to put down the insurgency say they've suffered serious casualties because they're poorly equipped.

Renegade Malian soldiers soon after declared that they have seized power

Mali President Amadou Toumani Toure 

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Mali Coup Video in You tube_
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Other Successful Coup  d'etats in Africa

Burkina Faso 
•    1966–Jan 3rd: Sangoulé Lamizana overthrows Maurice Yaméogo
•    1980–Nov 25th: Saye Zerbo overthrows Sangoulé Lamizana
•    1982–Nov 7th: Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo overthrows Saye Zerbo
•    1983–Aug 4th:Thomas Sankara and Blaise Compaoré overthrow Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
•    1987–Oct 15th: Blaise Compaoré overthrows Thomas Sankara

Burundi 
•    1966–Jul 8th: Ntare V overthrows Mwambutsa IV[22]
•    1966–Nov 28th: Michel Micombero overthrows Ntare V[22]
•    1976–Nov 10th: Jean-Baptiste Bagaza overthrows Michel Micombero
•    1987–Sep 9th: Pierre Buyoya overthrows Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
•    1996–Jul 25th: Pierre Buyoya overthrows Sylvestre Ntibantunganya Central African Republic
•    1966–Jan 1st: Jean-Bédel Bokassa overthrows David Dacko
•    1979–Sep 21st: David Dacko overthrows Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa
•    1981–Sep 1st: André Kolingba overthrows David Dacko
•    2003–Mar 15th: François Bozizé overthrows Ange-Félix Patassé

Chad 
•    1975–Apr 13th: Noël Milarew Odingar overthrows François Tombalbay
•    1982–Jun 7th: Hissène Habré overthrows Goukouni Oueddei
•    1990–Dec 1st: Idriss Déby overthrows Hissène Habré Comoros
•    1975–Aug 3rd: Said Mohamed Jaffar and Bob Denard overthrow Ahmed Abdallah
•    1978–May 23: Ahmed Abdallah and Bob Denard overthrow Ali Soilih
•    1989–Nov 26th: Said Mohamed Djohar and Bob Denard overthrow Ahmed Abdallah
•    1995–Sep 28th: Bob Denard overthrows Said Mohamed Djohar for 7 days. (see Operation Azalee)
•    1999–Apr 30th: Azali Assoumani overthrows Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde

Congo
•    1963–Aug 15th: Alphonse Massemba-Débat overthrows Fulbert Youlou
•    1968–Sep 4th: Marien Ngouabi overthrows Alphonse Massemba-Débat[31]
•    1979–Feb 8th: Denis Sassou Nguesso overthrows Joachim Yhombi-Opango
•    1997–Oct 25th: Denis Sassou Nguesso overthrows Pascal Lissouba

Democratic Republic of the Congo
•    1960–Sep 14th: Mobutu Sese Seko overthrows Patrice Lumumba
•    1965–Nov 25th: Mobutu Sese Seko overthrows Joseph Kasa-Vubu
•    1997–May 16: Laurent-Désiré Kabila overthrows Mobutu Sese Seko Côte d'Ivoire
•    1999–Dec 24th: Robert Guéï overthrows Henri Konan Bédié (see 1999 Ivorian coup d'état)
•    2011–Apr 11th: Alassane Ouattara with French army overthrow Laurent Gbagbo the legitimate winner of the 2010 election Egypt
•    1952–23 Jul: Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrow King Farouk I Equatorial Guinea
•    1979 – September 29: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo overthrows Francisco Macias Nguema


Ethiopia
 •    1910–Ras Tessema Nadew and Fitawrawi Habte Giyorgis against Empress Taytu, regent of the incapacitated Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia
•    1916–a group of aristocrats, including Fitawrawi Habte Giyorgis and Ras Tafari Makonnen, against Emperor Iyasu V.
•    1974–Sep 12th: Aman Mikael Andom overthrows Emperor Haile Selassie I
 •    1974–Nov 17th: Tafari Benti overthrows Aman Mikael Andom
•    1977–Feb 3rd: Mengistu Haile Mariam overthrows Tafari Benti
•    1991–May 21: Meles Zenawi and the EPRDF overthrow Mengistu Haile Mariam Gambia
•    1994–Jul 22nd: Yahya Jammeh overthrows Dawda Jawara

Ghana 
•    1966–Feb 24th: Joseph Arthur Ankrah overthrows Kwame Nkrumah
•    1972–Jan 13th: Ignatius Kutu Acheampong overthrows Kofi Abrefa Busia
•    1978–Jul 5th: Fred Akuffo overthrows Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
•    1979–Jun 4th: Jerry John Rawlings overthrows Fred Akuffo
•    1981–Dec 31st: Jerry John Rawlings overthrows Hilla Limann Guinea
•    1984–Apr 3rd: Lansana Conté overthrows Louis Lansana Beavogui
•    2008–Dec 24th: Moussa Dadis Camara overthrows Aboubacar Sompare Guinea-Bissau
•    1980–Nov 14th: João Bernardo Vieira overthrows Luís Cabral
•    1999–May 7: Ansumane Mané overthrows João Bernardo Vieira
•    2003–Sep 14th: Veríssimo Correia Seabra overthrows Kumba Iala

Lesotho
 •    1986–Jan 18th: Justin Metsing Lekhanya overthrows Leabua Jonathan •    1990–Nov 12th: Justin Metsing Lekhanya overthrows King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho
 •    1991–May 2: Elias Phisoana Ramaema overthrows Justin Metsing Lekhanya Liberia
 •    1980–Apr 12th: Staff Sergeant Samuel K. Doe overthrows President William R. Tolbert, Jr.
 •    1990–Sep 9th: Prince Johnson overthrows President Samuel K. Doe

Libya 
•    1969–Sep 1st: Muammar al-Gaddafi overthrows King Idris I of Libya

Madagascar 
•    1972–Oct 11th: Gabriel Ramanantsoa overthrows Philibert Tsiranana
•    1975–Feb 5th: Richard Ratsimandrava overthrows Gabriel Ramanantsoa
•    2009–Mar 17th: Andry Rajoelina overthrows Marc Ravalomanana (see 2009 Malagasy political crisis)

Mali 
•    1968–Nov 19th: Moussa Traoré overthrows Modibo Keita
•    1991–Mar 26th: Amadou Toumani Touré overthrows Moussa Traoré
•    2012-Mar 22nd: Military overthrows Amadou Toumani Touré

 Mauritania 
•    1978–Jul 10th: Mustafa Ould Salek overthrows Moktar Ould Daddah
•    1979–Apr 6th: Ahmad Ould Bouceif and Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah overthrow Mustafa Ould
Salek
•    1980–Jan 4th: Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah overthrows Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
 •    1984–Dec 12th: Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya overthrows Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah
 •    2005–Aug 3rd: Ely Ould Mohamed Vall overthrows Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
 •    2008–Aug 6th: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz overthrows Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi (see 2008 Mauritanian coup d'état)

Niger 
 •    1974–Apr 15th: Seyni Kountché overthrows Hamani Diori (see 1974 Nigerien coup d'état)
 •    1996–Jan 27th: Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara overthrows Mahamane Ousmane (see 1996 Nigerien coup d'état)
 •    1999–Apr 9th: Daouda Malam Wanke overthrows Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara (see 1999 Nigerien coup d'état)
 •    2010–Feb 18th: Salou Djibo overthrows Mamadou Tandja (see 2010 Nigerien coup d'état)

Nigeria
 •    1966–Jan 15th: Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu overthrows Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
 •    1966–Jul 29th: Yakubu Gowon overthrows Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
 •    1975–Jul 29th: Murtala Mohammed overthrows Yakubu Gowon
 •    1983–Dec 31st: Muhammadu Buhari overthrows Shehu Shagari
 •    1985–Aug 27th: Ibrahim Babangida overthrows Muhammadu Buhari
 •    1993–Nov 17th: Sani Abacha overthrows Ernest Shonekan Rwanda
 •    1973–Jul 5th: Juvénal Habyarimana overthrows Gregoire Kayibanda
 •    1994–Apr 6th: Theoneste Bagosura overthrows Juvénal Habyarimana
 •    1994–Jul 4th: Paul Kagame and the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) overthrow Theoneste Bagosura (see Rwandan Civil War)

São Tomé and Príncipe
•    1995–Aug 15th: Manuel Quintas de Almeida overthrows Miguel Trovoada for 6 days
•    2003–Jul 16th: Fernando Pereira (major) overthrows Fradique de Menezes for 7 days

 Seychelles
 •    1977–Jun 5th: France-Albert René overthrows James Mancham Sierra Leone
 •    1967–Mar 21st: David Lansana overthrows Siaka Stevens
 •    1968–Apr 19th: John Amadu Bangura overthrows Andrew Juxon-Smith
 •    1992–Apr 29th: Valentine Strasser overthrows Joseph Saidu Momoh
 •    1996–Jan 16th: Julius Maada Bio overthrows Valentine Strasser
 •    1997–May 25: Johnny Paul Koroma overthrows Ahmed Tejan Kabbah
 •    1998–Feb 12th: ECOMOG overthrows Johnny Paul Koroma Solomon Islands
 •    2000 by the Malaita Eagle Force Somalia
 •    1969–Oct 21st: Muhammad Siad Barre overthrows Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein
 •    1991–Jan 26th: Mohammed Farrah Aidid overthrows Muhammad Siad Barre

Sudan
 •    1958–Nov 16th: Ibrahim Abboud overthrows Abdallah Khalil
 •    1969–May 25: Gaafar al-Nimeiry overthrows Ismail al-Azhari
 •    1985–Apr 6th: Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab overthrows Gaafar al-Nimeiry
 •    1989–Jun 30th: Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir overthrows Ahmed al-Mirghani

 Togo 
 •    1963–Jan 13th: Étienne Eyadéma and Emmanuel Bodjolle overthrow Sylvanus Olympio
 •    1967–Jan 13th: Étienne Eyadéma and Kléber Dadjo overthrow Nicolas Grunitzky Tunisia
 •    1957–Jul 15th: Habib Bourguiba overthrows King Muhammad VIII al-Amin
 •    1987–Nov 7th: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali overthrows Habib Bourguiba

Uganda
•    1966–Feb: Milton Obote overthrows King Mutesa II of Buganda
•    1971–Jan 21st: Idi Amin overthrows Milton Obote
•    1979–Apr 11th: Tanzania Peoples Defence Force and Uganda National Liberation Army overthrow Idi Amin
•    1980–May 12: Paulo Muwanga overthrows Godfrey Binaisa
•    1985–Jul 27th: Tito Okello Lutwa overthrows Milton Obote
•    1986–Jan 26th: Yoweri Museveni and the National Resistance Army overthrow Tito Okello Lutw

Zanzibar
 •    1964–Jan 12th: John Okello overthrows Sheik Abdulrahman Muhammad Babu


Source: AFP/Wikipedia/BBC/Reuters 2012

MWALIMU NYERERE MSHUMAA ULIOZIMIKA AFRIKA

 Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, ni baba wa Taifa la Tanzania.

Baba wa Taifa Mwalimu J.K Nyerere

Mwalimu alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa Tanzania,  Alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Butiama, mkoani Mara pembezoni mwa Ziwa Nyanza (sasa Victoria)  tarehe 13 Aprili, 1922. Alifariki dunia  tarehe 14 Oktoba, 1999.
Aliiongoza Tanzania toka mwaka 1961 hadi mwaka 1985.

Yeye ni mwasisi wa itikadi ya UJAMAA na KUJITEGEMEA na Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa alikuwa ni mwalimu, Kazi hii ndiyo ilimpatia jina ambalo lilimkaa maisha yake yote la "Mwalimu."

Mwalimu Nyerere ni kati ya viongozi wachache wa Afrika ambao wameacha madaraka kwa hiyari baada ya kutawala kwa muda mrefu. Alipostaafu urais mwaka 1985 alirudi kijijini kwake Butiama ambako aliendesha shughuli za kilimo. Aliendelea kuwa na ushawishi  mkubwa katika siasa ya Tanzania hadi kifo chake.
 

Julius Kambarage Nyerere alizaliwa mwaka 1922 ( katika kijiji cha Butiama, wilaya ya Musoma, mkoa wa Mara, Tanzania (wakati ule: Tanganyika). Alikuwa mmojawapo kati ya watoto 26 wa Nyerere Burito, chifu wa kabila la Wazanaki.

Alipokuwa mtoto Nyerere alichunga mifugo ya baba yake; katika umri wa miaka 12 aliingia shule akitembea kilomita 30 hadi Musoma. Baada ya kumaliza shule ya msingi aliendelea kusoma shule ya wamisionari Wakatoliki huko Tabora. Katika umri wa miaka 20 alibatizwa akawa mkristo Mkatoliki hadi mwisho wa maisha yake.

Mapadre wakatambua juhudi zake katika elimu wakamsaidia kusoma ualimu huko chuo kikuu cha  Makerere, Kampala, Uganda kuanzia 1943 - 1945.Julius Nyerere alipokuwa Makerere akaanzisha tawi la Umoja wa wanafunzi Watanganyika pia alijihusisha na uundwaji wa tawi la Tanganyika African Association (TAA). Baada ya kumaliza masomo ya ualimu alirudi Tabora akafundisha  shule ya St.Mary´s.

Mwaka 1949 alipata ufadhili (Scholarship) kwenda kusoma  Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh huko Uskoti   Uingereza akasoma shahada ya uzamili  katika  historia na uchumi. Alikuwa mtanzania wa kwanza kusoma katika chuo kikuu nchini Uingereza na mtanzania wa pili kupata shahada ya elimu ya juu nje ya Tanzania.

Mwalimu Nyerere katika moja ya hotuba zake

 
Aliporejea Tanganyika kutoka masomoni, Nyerere alifundisha Historia, Kingereza na Kiswahili katika shule ya St. Francis iliyo karibu na Dar es Salaam.  Mwaka 1953 alichaguliwa kuwa raisi wa chama cha Tanganyika African Association (TAA), chama ambacho alikisaidia kukijenga alipokuwa mwanafunzi katika chuo kikuu cha Makerere. Mwaka 1954 alikibadilisha chama cha TAA kwenda katika chama cha Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) ambacho kilikuwa cha kisiasa zaidi kuliko TAA. Ndani ya mwaka mmoja chama cha TANU kilikuwa tayari ni chama kikuu cha siasa kinachoongoza Tanganyika.

Uwezo wa mwl. Nyerere uliwashitua uongozi wa kikoloni na kumlazimisha Nyerere kuchagua kati ya siasa na kazi ya ualimu.

Nyerere alisikika akisema kuwa alikuwa mwalimu kwa kuchagua na mwanasiasa kwa bahati mbaya. Alijiuzuru ualimu na kuzunguka nchini Tanganyika kuzungumza na watu wa kawaida na machifu ili kuleta muungano katika kupigania uhuru.

Mwalimu Pia alizungumza kwa niaba ya TANU katika Trusteeship council na Fourth committee ya Umoja wa Mataifa (UN) huko New York. Uwezo wake wa kidiplomasia  na kuunganisha watu ulimwezesha kufanikisha Tanganyika kupata uhuru bila kumwaga damu.

Ushirikiano mzuri aliouonyesha aliyekuwa gavana wa wakati huo bwana Richard Turnbull ulisaidia pia kuharakisha upatikanaji wa uhuru.

Nyerere aliingia katika bunge la kikoloni mwaka 1958 na kuchaguliwa kuwa waziri mkuu mwaka 1960. Mwaka 1961 Tanganyika ilipata uhuru wake na tarehe 9/12/1961 Nyerere alichaguliwa kuwa waziri mkuu wa Tanganyika huru na mwaka mmoja baadae Nyerere alikuwa raisi wa kwanza wa jamhuri ya Tanganyika.

Nyerere alikuwa kiungo muhimu katika muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar kutengeneza Tanzania baada ya mapinduzi ya Zanzibar mwaka 1964 yaliyomtoa madarakani sultani wa Zanzibar Jamshid bin Abdullah.

Nyerere akichanganya ardhi ya Zanzibar na Tanganyika wakati wa muungano 1964

Tarehe 5 Februari 1977 aliongoza chama cha TANU katika  kuungana na chama tawala cha Zanzibar ASP (Afro-shiraz Party)  na kuanzisha chama kipya cha CCM (Chama cha Mapinduzi) akiwa mwenyekiti wake.
Nyerere aliendelea kuongoza Taifa hadi 1985 alipomwachia nafasi raisi wa awamu ya pili Ali Hassan Mwinyi.


Mwalimu Aliendelea kuongoza Chama cha Mapinduzi hadi mwaka 1990 na kuwa ushawishi mkubwa katika siasa ya Tanzania hadi kifo chake.

Inasadikika kuwa Nyerere alishawishi uteuzi wa Benjamini W. Mkapa kama mgombea wa urais katika uchaguzi  mwaka 1995, na ambaye ndiye aliyechaguliwa kuwa rais katika uchaguzi huo.

Nyerere alikaa muda mwingi nyumbani kwake Butiama akijihusisha na kilimo. Pamoja na haya alianzisha taasisi yenye jina lake; mwaka 1996 alikuwa mpatanishi wa pande zinazokinza, katika vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe huko Burundi.

Tarehe14 oktoba .1999 alifariki dunia katika hospitali ya Mtakatifu Thomas mjini London  Uingereza, baada ya kusumbuliwa na tatizo la saratani ya damu (leukemia) , iliyosababisha mauti yake.

MAFANIKIO YAKE

• kujenga umoja wa Taifa na utamaduni wa Kiafrika pamoja na lugha ya Kiswahili, 
• kushinda ubaguzi wa rangi, na juhudi zake kuchangia Taifa la Afrika kusini huru.
• kutetea usalama wa taifa katika vita vya kagera dhidi ya Nduli Iddi Amin
• Kutoa mchango kwa vyama vya ukombozi vya nchi za kusini mwa Afrika, kama; Zimbabwe {ZANU), Afrika Kusini (ANC na PAC), Namibia (SWAPO), Angola (MPLA) na Msumbiji (Frelimo)

CHANGAMOTO

Siasa zake za ujamaa zilishindwa baada ya mwaka 1976. Baada ya kuona kuwa uchumi wa Tanzania hautaweza kusimama kwa siasa za kijamaa,  na yeye kutoweza kuvumilia kuendesha nchi kwa siasa ambazo yeye hakuwa muumini, Nyerere kwa maamuzi yake mwenyewe aliamua kustaafu nafasi ya urais. na kuruhusu kufanyika uchaguzi mwaka 1985, uchaguzi ambao ulimsimamisha  Ali Hassan Mwinyi  kuwa Rais, ambaye alitawala kwa siasa za uchumi wa soko huria.

 UKOSOAJI DHIDI YAKE

• Mwl.Nyerere analaumiwa kwa siasa zake za kiujamaa kuwa zilichelewesha maendeleo ya Uchumi wa Tanzania.

Mwalimu Julius K  Nyerere

Pia kuna makundi ya waislamu wanaomtuhumu kwa kuendesha kwa siri vita dhidi ya uislamu na upendeleo wa elimu na madaraka kwa wakristo.   

  

SIFA ZAKE           

Pamoja na changamoto na matatizo;

• mwalimu kamwe hawezi kusahaulika kwa  juhudi zake za kujenga umoja na mshikamano kwa watanzania, ambao ndio msingi wa amani tunayojivunia sasa.
                   

• Bado anakumbukwa na watanzania hasa wa hali ya chini kutokana na sera zake za kujali utu na ubinadamu. 

• Pia ataendelea kukumbukwa barani Afrika, hasa kwa mchango wake mkubwa wakati wa harakati za kupigania uhuru katika nchi mbali mbali barani Afrika.

• Mwalimu ni mmoja wa viongozi wachache wanaokumbukwa kwa kutojilimbikizia mali pamoja na kutawala kwake  miaka zaidi ya 24.

• Mwalimu ni mfano wa kuigwa kama kiongozi aliyefuata misingi ya maadili ya uongozi
  na mzalendo wa nchi hii.

Mwishoni mwa maisha yake Mwalimu Nyerere aliishi kama mkulima wa kawaida kijijini kwake Butiama.

Tarehe 14 Oktoba, 1999 mauti yalimkuta, kutokana na ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (Leukemia). Alizikwa sehemu alikozaliwa kijijini Butiama, mkoa wa Mara Mashariki mwa ziwa Victoria. Mwalimu aliacha mjane, watoto na wajukuu.       

kaburi la Nyerere kijijini Butiama

HAKIKA TUTAENDELEA KUMKUMBUKA  HAYATI MWALIMU NYERERE.



MUNGU AILAZE ROHO YAKE MAHALI PEMA PEPONI.

AMINA.